Amaphuzu avelele
- Ngaphansi kwesigamu sabesifazane abakhulelwe ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zase-Ethiopia bahlela ukusebenzisa amakhaya okulindela okubeletha (MWH).
- Izici eziyinhloko ezithonya isinqumo sabo izimo zengqondo, izinkambiso zomphakathi, umuzwa wabo wokulawula, nokusebenzisa kwabo ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha.
- Sidinga ukungenelela okuphelele okubhekana nalezi zici ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokulinda abakhulelwe
Isendlalelo Ukushona komama kuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi e-Ethiopia, njengoba kushone abangu-267 kubantwana abayizi-100,000 abazalwa bephila ngo-2020, ngaphezu kwe-Sustainable Development Goal ehlosiwe ka-70 ngo-2030. , njengamabanga amade abesifazane abaningi basemaphandleni okufanele bawahambe ukuze bafinyelele ezikhungweni zezempilo. Ama-MWHs ayizikhungo eziseduze nezikhungo zezempilo lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe bengahlala khona ngaphambi kokubeletha, ahloselwe ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka ekufinyeleleni ukunakekelwa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kokubeletha okunekhono. Ama-MWHs ethulwa e-Ethiopia njengengxenye yemizamo yokunciphisa ukufa komama ngokukhuphula ukufinyelela ekubelethweni okunekhono. Lawa makhaya ngokuvamile ayizindawo ezihlala eduze nezikhungo zezempilo lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe bengahlala khona emasontweni andulela usuku lwabo lokubeletha. Baqashwe ngabasebenzi bezempilo abahlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo futhi baqaphe impilo yabesifazane. Imiphakathi yendawo ivame ukufaka isandla ekusebenzeni kwayo, ihlinzeke ngokudla nezinye izidingo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ama-MWHs anciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokufa kokubeletha. Naphezu kwezinzuzo zabo, kuphela i-7% yabesifazane abasebenzisa i-MWHs ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo kwakamuva, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2016. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kancane kumelela ithuba eliphuthiwe lokuthuthukisa imiphumela kamama nengane esanda kuzalwa e-Ethiopia. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MWH kuhlala kuphansi ngenxa yezithiyo ezifana nokuntula ulwazi, imikhuba yamasiko evuna ukuzalwa ekhaya, nokukhathazeka mayelana nekhwalithi yezinsizakalo ze-MWH. Ukuqonda lezi zithiyo kubalulekile ekuvuleni izinzuzo ezingaba khona zama-MWH kanye nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yezempilo kamama nezinsana. Izindlela: Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise iTheory of Planned Behaviour ukuqonda izici ezithonya ukusetshenziswa kwe-MWHs eBench Maji Zone (yasemaphandleni), eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia ngokuxoxisana nabesifazane abakhulelwe abangu-829. Okutholakele okubalulekile: Cishe abesifazane abane kwabayi-10 kuphela (42.6%) abathi bahlela ukusebenzisa i-MWH. Izinto ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ezinqumweni zabesifazane zokusebenzisa i-MWHs zihlanganisa izimo zengqondo zabo mayelana nezinsiza, imikhuba yezenhlalakahle kanye nokulindelwe, ukulawulwa okucatshangwayo ekusebenziseni izinsiza, nokuzibandakanya nokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha. Izinto ezine ezisemqoka ezinomthelela ekutheni abesifazane banqume ukusebenzisa ama-MWHs:
- Imizwa yabesifazane ngama-MWHs idlala indima enkulu. Uma bekholelwa ukuthi ama-MWHs angabasiza ukuthi babe nokuzalwa okuphephile okunezinkinga ezimbalwa, maningi amathuba okuba bawasebenzise.
- Okucatshangwa umndeni, abaholi bomphakathi nabasebenzi bezempilo kubaluleke kakhulu. Abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ekusebenziseni ama-MWH uma benomuzwa wokuthi abantu ababalulekile ezimpilweni zabo bayakusekela lokhu kukhetha.
- Uma becabanga ukuthi banganqoba izinselele ezifana nokuthola izinto zokuhamba, ukuphatha imisebenzi yasekhaya, noma ukuthola imvume yomndeni, maningi amathuba okuthi bahlale ku-MWH.
- Abesifazane abaya njalo ukuyohlolwa ukukhulelwa (ukunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe) maningi amathuba okuthi basebenzise ama-MWH. Lokhu kuvakasha kuvumela abasebenzi bezempilo ukuthi bazise futhi bakhuthaze abesifazane ngezinzuzo zokuhlala kuma-MWHs.
Ndawonye, lezi zici ezine – izimo zengqondo, izinkambiso zomphakathi, ukulawula okucatshangwayo, nokuvakasha kokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha – kuchaza u-81% wokuthi ngabe owesifazane uhlela ukusebenzisa i-MWH. Ngokumangalisayo, iminyaka yobudala yowesifazane, izinga lemfundo, noma isipiliyoni sokubeletha esidlule asithinti kakhulu lesi sinqumo Isiphetho Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-MWHs kudinga okungaphezu nje kokwakha izikhungo ezengeziwe. Kudinga ukushintsha imiqondo kanye nokubhekana nezithiyo ezingokoqobo. Izinkolelo zomuntu wesifazane, izingcindezi zomphakathi, amandla acatshangelwayo okunqoba izithiyo, nokuxhumana nokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha konke kuneqhaza elibalulekile. Ukwenza inqubekelaphambili yangempela, kudingeka indlela ebanzi yokubhekana nazo zonke lezi zindawo. Imithelela Yenqubomgomo
- Imizamo yamanje yokuthuthukisa ama-MWH ayanele. Amasu amasha, abanzi ayadingeka.
- Ukunikeza ulwazi kukodwa akwanele. Ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwezimo zengqondo kanye nezinkambiso zomphakathi mayelana nokusebenzisa lezi zinsiza kuyadingeka.
- Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kubalulekile. Amalungu omndeni nabaholi bendawo bangaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni zabesifazane.
- Ukwenza ngcono izinsiza zokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe kungaba nomthelela omuhle ekusebenziseni i-MWH.
- Izithiyo ezisebenzayo ezenza abesifazane bazizwe bengakwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinsiza, njengezokuthutha nokunakekela izingane, kufanele kubhekwane nazo.
Izincomo
- Imikhankaso Yomphakathi C : Yethula imikhankaso yomphakathi esabalele yokuthuthukisa ulwazi nezimo zengqondo mayelana nama-MWHs. Lokhu kufanele kubhekise kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, imindeni yabo, nabaholi bomphakathi.
- Abafundisi boMphakathi : Bandakanya abaholi bomphakathi, izikhulu zezenkolo, nabadala abahlonishwayo ukuze bathuthukise ama-MWHs njengendlela eyamukelekayo emphakathini futhi enenzuzo.
- Izithiyo B Ezisebenzayo : Thola futhi ubhekane nezithiyo ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa ama-MWHs. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokuhamba, ukusiza ngamalungiselelo okunakekela izingane, noma ukunikeza usizo lwemali engenayo kwabesifazane okudingeka bangabikho ekhaya.
- I-C yangaphambi kokubeletha yilezi: Ukuhlanganisa ukukhuthazwa kwe-MWH njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuvakasha kokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe. Qeqesha abasebenzi bezempilo ukuthi baxoxe ngale ndlela nabo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe.
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesikhungo : Thuthukisa ikhwalithi nokunethezeka kwama-MWHs. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zabesifazane kanye nokulindelwe ngamasiko.
- Ukuqapha Nokuhlola : Yenza uhlelo lokuqapha nokuhlola ukuze kulandelelwe inqubekelaphambili futhi kuhlonzwe izindawo okufanele kuthuthukiswe ngazo izinsiza ze-MWH.
- Ucwaningo Olwengeziwe: Yenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze uhlole amasu okungenelela ahlukene futhi uhlonze izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-MWH ezimeni ezahlukahlukene.
Isihloko esingenhla sisekelwe kule ncwadi: Nigussie, T., et al. (2020). Izibikezelo Zenhloso Yokusebenzisa Ikhaya Lokulinda Phakathi Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe E-Bench Maji Zone, eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ethiopia Besebenzisa Ithiyori Yokuziphatha Okuhleliwe. Ijenali Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezempilo Yabesifazane, 12, 901-910. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33149701/ Ezinye izikhombo u-Dadi TL, Bekele BB, Kasaye HK, Nigussie T. Iqhaza lamakhaya okulinda abakhulelwe ekunciphiseni ukufa komama kanye nokubeletha emazweni asathuthuka kanye negalelo lakho ukuncishiswa kokushona komama e-Ethiopia: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta 11 isayensi yezokwelapha nezempilo 1117 Public Health. I-BMC Health Service Res. 2018;18 (1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3559-y Gurara, MK., Jacquemyn, Y., Ukke, GG. et al. Izinzuzo, izithiyo kanye namandla okusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokulinda zabakhulelwe e-Ethiopia: ukubuyekezwa okuhlanganisiwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuqaliswa kukazwelonke kuze kube manje. I-BMC Ukukhulelwa Kokubeletha 22, 675 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04954-y Kurji J, Gebretsadik LA, Wordofa MA, et al. Izinto ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kokulinda kwabakhulelwe phakathi kwabesifazane e-Jimma Zone, e-Ethiopia: ukuhlaziywa kwezigaba eziningi. I-BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):e028210. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-02821014.