Amavawusha Ezempilo Yomama

Ukwandisa Ukufinyelela Ekunakekelweni Kwabakhulelwe E-Afrika

Isingeniso

Uhlelo lwevawusha yezempilo kamama luyisixazululo esisha esiklanyelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zezimali kanye nokwenza ngcono ukufinyeleleka kwezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-Afrika ezihlinzekwa usizo. amazinga okufa kwezingane kanye nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo kamama iyonke.

Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka abesifazane abakhulelwe ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle ngamavawusha akhokhela izindleko zezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokubeletha, ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, ama-ultrasounds, kanye nezinsizakalo zokubeletha. Lawa mavawusha angasetshenziswa ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezibambe iqhaza, futhi inhlangano esebenzayo izozikhokhela ngezinsizakalo zazo.

Izinzuzo Nezicelo:

  1. Ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo: Lolu hlelo lunciphisa izithiyo zezimali, luqinisekise ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bangakwazi ukuthola usizo oludingekayo lokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayakwazi ukukhokha.
  2. Imiphumela yezempilo kamama ethuthukisiwe: Ngokwandisa ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwabakhulelwe, uhlelo luvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokulawulwa kwezinkinga, ngaleyo ndlela kwehle amazinga okufa komama nezinsana.
  3. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko eziphuma ephaketheni: Amavawusha anciphisa umthwalo wezezimali wezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okwenza abesifazane abakhulelwe bathole izinsiza ezibalulekile ngaphandle kokubhekana nobunzima bezezimali.
  4. Uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluqinisiwe: Ngokubuyiselwa kwezinsizakalo, uhlelo lukhuthaza abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngokukhuthala, bagcine imikhuba eqhubekayo, futhi baqhubeke nokunikeza ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Kudingeka ababambiqhaza Ababalulekile:

  1. Izikhungo zikahulumeni: Ukwesekwa kukahulumeni kubalulekile ekuxhaseni ngemali, ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubomgomo, nasekuxhumaniseni uhlelo.
  2. Inhlangano esebenzayo: Inhlangano enesibopho sokuklama, ukusebenzisa, nokuqapha uhlelo lwevawusha.
  3. Abahlinzeki bezempilo: Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezibamba iqhaza ezamukela amavawusha futhi zinikeze izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe.
  4. Abesifazane abakhulelwe: Abahlomuli bohlelo lwevawusha abathola usizo lwezezimali ngezindleko zokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe.

Izinto Ezingenzeka kanye Nempumelelo :

  1. Ukuxhasa ngezimali: Ukuthola uxhaso oluvela emithonjeni kahulumeni, izinhlangano ezinikelayo, noma ubambiswano lomphakathi nezizimele kubalulekile ekusimameni kohlelo.
  2. Ukuxhumana okuqinile: Ukusebenzisana okuseduze nokuxhumana phakathi kwenhlangano eqalisayo, izikhungo zikahulumeni, nabahlinzeki bezempilo kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo.
  3. Ukuqapha nokuhlola: Ukuqapha nokuhlolwa njalo komthelela wohlelo kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle kwalo nokwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo.
  4. Ukuqwashisa umphakathi: Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo namasu okuxoxisana nomphakathi kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bayalwazi lolu hlelo futhi bayaqonda ukuthi bangawathola kanjani futhi bawasebenzise kanjani amavawusha.

Imicabango yokuhlela :

  1. Ukuhlolwa kwezidingo: Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezidingo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezithiyo ezikhona ezindaweni okuhloswe ngazo ukuklama uhlelo lwevawusha olubhekana nezinselele ezithile.
  2. Inqubo yevawusha: Thola indlela yokufaneleka yokuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bathole amavawusha, njengezinga leholo, ukuhlala, noma iminyaka yokukhulelwa.
  3. Inethiwekhi yabahlinzeki: Bandakanya abahlinzeki bezempilo futhi baxoxisane ngezivumelwano zokuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza kwabo ohlelweni.
  4. Uhlelo lokudlulisela: Yenza uhlelo lokudlulisela oluqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abadinga usizo olukhethekile ngaphezu kobubanzi bamavawusha.
  5. Amasistimu okuphatha idatha: Sebenzisa amasistimu okuphatha idatha aqinile ukuze ulandelele ukusatshalaliswa kwamavawusha, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nembuyiselo kubahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukuphatha iphrojekthi

  1. Ithimba lephrojekthi: Sungula ithimba lephrojekthi elizinikele elinesibopho sokuhlela, ukuqaliswa, nokuqapha uhlelo lwevawusha.
  2. Izindima nezibopho: Chaza izindima nezibopho zelungu ngalinye leqembu futhi uqinisekise imigudu ecacile yokuxhumana ukuze kuhlanganiswe.

Uhlelo Lokuqalisa

  1. Isigaba sokuhlola: Yenza isigaba sokuhlola ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuba nokwenzeka kohlelo lwevawusha endaweni ekhethiwe, wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo ngokusekelwe ezifundweni ezifundiwe.
  2. Ukwandisa: Ngemva kwesigaba sokulinga esiyimpumelelo, khulisa uhlelo ukuze ufinyelele isibalo esikhulu sabesifazane abakhulelwe ezindaweni ezingabafanele ngokusekelwe kumthelela obonisiwe kanye nezinsiza ezikhona.

Izindleko Zezindleko Nezidingo Zensiza

  1. Uxhaso: Vikela uxhaso oluvela emithonjeni kahulumeni, ama-ejensi abanikeli, noma ubambiswano lukahulumeni nezizimele ukuze ukhokhele ukusatshalaliswa kwamavawusha, imbuyiselo kubahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, nezindleko zokuphatha izinhlelo.
  2. Izinsizakusebenza zabasebenzi: Yabela abasebenzi abenele ngokusatshalaliswa kwamavawusha, ukuphathwa kolwazi, ukuqapha nokuhlaziya, nokuzibandakanya komphakathi.
  3. Ingqalasizinda: Ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe.

Ukusimama

  1. Ukuthenga kukahulumeni: Vikela ukusekelwa kukahulumeni nokuzibophezela ekuzinzeni kwesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa nokwabiwa kwesabelomali kanye nokufakwa emigomeni kazwelonke yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
  2. Ukubamba iqhaza kwabahlinzeki: Qinisekisa ukusebenzelana okuqhubekayo nokubamba iqhaza kwabahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa kwemali okufanelekile nangesikhathi kwezinsizakalo.
  3. Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi: Yakha ukuqwashisa umphakathi kanye nobunikazi bohlelo ukuze kuqhubeke isidingo sokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe.
  4. Ukumela kanye nezinguquko zenqubomgomo: Bandakanya abenzi bezinqubomgomo namaqembu akhulumela ukubhekana nezinselelo zesistimu ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Izinselele

  1. Uxhaso olunomkhawulo: Vikela uxhaso olusimeme lokumboza ukusatshalaliswa kwamavawusha, imbuyiselo, kanye nezindleko zokuphatha uhlelo.
  2. Ingqalasizinda yezempilo enomkhawulo: Ukwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda yokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izikhungo ezanele zingahlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle.
  3. Izithiyo zamasiko nenhlalo: Bhekana nezinto zamasiko nezenhlalo ezivimbela abesifazane abakhulelwe ekufuneni ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha, njengezinkolelo zendabuko noma ukucwaswa.
  4. Izinselele zesistimu: Ukubhekana nezinselele ezikhona zesistimu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, njengokushoda kwabasebenzi bezempilo noma izinhlelo zokudlulisela ezingasebenzi.

Uhlelo Lokunciphisa

  1. Imithombo yoxhaso ehlukahlukene: Funa ukusakazwa koxhaso oluningi ukuze unciphise ukuthembela kumthombo owodwa.
  2. Ukuqinisa ingqalasizinda yokunakekelwa kwezempilo: Ukubambisana nezinhlangano zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezindaweni ezingasetshenzwa kahle.
  3. Imfundo nokuzibandakanya komphakathi: Yenza imikhankaso yokuqwashisa eqondiswe ukubhekana nezithiyo zamasiko nenhlalo kanye nokubandakanya abaholi bomphakathi ukuze bakhuthaze ukunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe.
  4. Ukwakhiwa kwamandla: Ukuhlinzeka ngoqeqesho nokweseka abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi yokubeletha.
  5. Ukumela kanye nezinguquko zenqubomgomo: Vulela izinguquko zenqubomgomo ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele zesistimu ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukuqapha kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo:

  1. Ukuqapha nokuhlola okuvamile: Hlola umthelela wohlelo, thola izinselele, futhi wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo.
  2. Ukusebenzelana nababambiqhaza: Funa impendulo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, nabanye ababambiqhaza ukuze uhlonze izindawo okumelwe zenziwe ngcono.
  3. Funda ezenzweni ezihamba phambili: Sebenzisa izindlela ezihamba phambili ezinhlelweni zamavawusha eziphumelelayo ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izifunda.

Isiphetho

Uhlelo lwevawusha yezempilo kamama lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle e-Afrika, okuholela emiphumeleni engcono yezempilo kamama nezinsana. Nokho, ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukusebenzisana okuqinile, izinsiza ezanele, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze uhlelo luphumelele futhi luqhubeke. Ngokubhekana nezinselele nokusebenzisa amasu okunciphisa afanelekile, lokhu okusha kunamandla okwenza umthelela omkhulu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo komama e-Afrika.

Isihloko Esihlobene

Ukuhlolwa komthelela wevawusha nendlela yokugunyazwa ekuthuthukiseni ukuziphatha kokuzala kanye nesimo se-RH: Bangladesh. I-BMC Public Health, uMqulu 11, i-Article 257, Unyaka ka-2011