Assessment of the quality of care in maternity waiting homes (MWHS) in Mulanje district, Malawi

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Study Justification:
– Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Malawi is high due to limited access to skilled birth care.
– Maternity Waiting Homes (MWHs) were established to improve access to skilled labor.
– Limited assessment of the quality of care provided in MWHs.
Study Highlights:
– Descriptive qualitative study conducted in three MWHs in Mulanje district, Malawi.
– Assessment of physical layout, interviews with health providers, and focus group discussions with pregnant women.
– Mixed perceptions towards the quality of care in MWHs.
– Factors indicating higher quality: quiet environment and midwifery services.
– Factors negatively affecting perceptions of quality: lack of cooking spaces, 24-hour nursing care, food and recreation services, and sleeping on the floor.
– Variation in care provided across MWHs.
– Lack of standards contributing to differences in perceptions of quality.
Study Recommendations:
– Improve, sustain, and standardize care in MWHs.
– Address factors negatively affecting perceptions of quality: provide cooking spaces, 24-hour nursing care, food and recreation services, and proper sleeping arrangements.
– Establish and enforce standards for care in MWHs.
Key Role Players:
– Ministry of Health, Malawi
– District Health Office, Mulanje
– Maternity Waiting Home staff
– Midwives and other health providers
– Pregnant women and their families
– Community leaders and volunteers
Cost Items for Planning Recommendations:
– Construction or renovation of MWH facilities
– Hiring and training of additional nursing staff for 24-hour care
– Provision of cooking equipment and supplies
– Provision of food and recreation services
– Procurement of proper sleeping arrangements (beds, mattresses, etc.)
– Development and implementation of standards for care in MWHs
– Monitoring and evaluation of MWHs to ensure adherence to standards

The strength of evidence for this abstract is 7 out of 10.
The evidence in the abstract is moderately strong. The study conducted a descriptive qualitative assessment of the quality of care in Maternity Waiting Homes (MWHs) in Mulanje, Malawi. The study used a checklist, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions to gather data. The findings indicate mixed perceptions towards the quality of care in MWHs, with factors such as a quiet environment and midwifery services being perceived as indicators of higher quality. However, there were also negative factors identified, such as lack of cooking spaces, 24-hour nursing care, food and recreation services, and sleeping on the floor. The study concludes that efforts should be made to improve, sustain, and standardize care in MWHs. To improve the strength of the evidence, future studies could consider using a larger sample size, conducting quantitative assessments, and including a control group for comparison.

Aim Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)in Malawi remains high at 439 deaths per 100,000 live births, primarily due to limited access to skilled birth care. Although Malawi established Maternity Waiting Homes (MWHs) to improve access to skilled labour, the quality of care provided in the homes has received limited assessment. The aim of this study was to assess quality of care in the Maternity Waiting Homes in Mulanje, Malawi. Methods We conducted a descriptive qualitative study in three MWHs in Mulanje district, Malawi, from December 2015 to January 2016. We conducted a non-participatory observation using a checklist, to assess the physical layout of the facilities, six face-to-face in-depth interviews (IDIs)with health providers and four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 27 pregnant women admitted for more than 48 hours in MWHs. We digitally recorded all FGDs and IDIs simultaneously transcribing and translating them verbatim into English. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results There were mixed perceptions towards the quality of care in the MWHs. Factors that were perceived to indicate higher quality included a quiet environment at the MWH and midwifery services. Lack of cooking spaces, lack of 24-hour nursing care, absence of food and recreation services and sleeping on the floor negatively affected perceptions of quality. Conclusion The study has shown that care provided in MWHs varied across facilities. Perceptions of the quality of care were not uniform and a lack of standards contributed to the differences. Efforts should be made to improve, sustain and standardize care in MWHs in order to improve perceptions of quality of care in MWHs.

The study titled “Assessment of the quality of care in maternity waiting homes (MWHs) in Mulanje district, Malawi” aimed to evaluate the quality of care provided in MWHs and make recommendations for improvement. The study found that the quality of care varied across facilities, and perceptions of care were influenced by factors such as the physical environment and availability of services.

Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made:

1. Standardize and improve care in MWHs: To address the variation in care, it is recommended to establish and enforce standardized guidelines and protocols for MWHs. This includes ensuring the availability of essential amenities such as cooking spaces, 24-hour nursing care, food, and recreation services. By standardizing care, the overall quality and perception of care in MWHs can be improved.

2. Enhance training and capacity-building for health providers: The study highlighted the importance of midwifery services in improving the quality of care in MWHs. To further enhance the quality of care, it is recommended to provide comprehensive training and capacity-building programs for health providers working in MWHs. This can include training on best practices in maternal health, emergency obstetric care, and communication skills. By equipping health providers with the necessary skills and knowledge, the overall quality of care in MWHs can be enhanced.

3. Strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems: The study emphasized the lack of standards and assessment mechanisms for MWHs. To address this, it is recommended to establish robust monitoring and evaluation systems to regularly assess the quality of care in MWHs. This can include conducting regular inspections, collecting feedback from pregnant women utilizing MWHs, and implementing quality improvement initiatives based on the findings. By continuously monitoring and evaluating the care provided in MWHs, any gaps or deficiencies can be identified and addressed promptly.

Implementing these recommendations can transform MWHs into centers of excellence for maternal health, ensuring improved access to skilled birth care and ultimately reducing maternal mortality rates in Malawi.
AI Innovations Description
Based on the assessment of the quality of care in maternity waiting homes (MWHs) in Mulanje district, Malawi, the following recommendation can be developed into an innovation to improve access to maternal health:

1. Standardize and improve care in MWHs: The study found that the quality of care provided in MWHs varied across facilities. To address this, it is recommended to establish and enforce standardized guidelines and protocols for MWHs. This can include ensuring the availability of essential amenities such as cooking spaces, 24-hour nursing care, food, and recreation services. By standardizing care, the overall quality and perception of care in MWHs can be improved.

2. Enhance training and capacity-building for health providers: The study highlighted the importance of midwifery services in improving the quality of care in MWHs. To further enhance the quality of care, it is recommended to provide comprehensive training and capacity-building programs for health providers working in MWHs. This can include training on best practices in maternal health, emergency obstetric care, and communication skills. By equipping health providers with the necessary skills and knowledge, the overall quality of care in MWHs can be enhanced.

3. Strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems: The study emphasized the lack of standards and assessment mechanisms for MWHs. To address this, it is recommended to establish robust monitoring and evaluation systems to regularly assess the quality of care in MWHs. This can include conducting regular inspections, collecting feedback from pregnant women utilizing MWHs, and implementing quality improvement initiatives based on the findings. By continuously monitoring and evaluating the care provided in MWHs, any gaps or deficiencies can be identified and addressed promptly.

By implementing these recommendations, MWHs can be transformed into centers of excellence for maternal health, ensuring improved access to skilled birth care and ultimately reducing maternal mortality rates in Malawi.
AI Innovations Methodology
To simulate the impact of the main recommendations on improving access to maternal health, a methodology could be developed as follows:

1. Standardize and improve care in MWHs:
– Establish a baseline assessment of the current quality of care in MWHs in Mulanje district, Malawi.
– Develop standardized guidelines and protocols for MWHs based on best practices and evidence-based approaches.
– Implement the standardized guidelines and protocols in a selected number of MWHs in the district.
– Conduct regular monitoring and evaluation of the MWHs to assess the impact of the standardized care on the quality of services provided.
– Collect data on key indicators such as patient satisfaction, maternal and neonatal health outcomes, and adherence to the standardized guidelines.
– Compare the data from before and after the implementation of the standardized care to measure the impact on improving access to maternal health.

2. Enhance training and capacity-building for health providers:
– Develop a comprehensive training program for health providers working in MWHs, focusing on areas such as midwifery services, emergency obstetric care, and communication skills.
– Implement the training program in a selected number of MWHs in the district.
– Assess the knowledge and skills of health providers before and after the training program.
– Monitor the implementation of the newly acquired knowledge and skills in the MWHs.
– Collect data on key indicators such as patient satisfaction, maternal and neonatal health outcomes, and adherence to best practices.
– Compare the data from before and after the training program to measure the impact on improving access to maternal health.

3. Strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems:
– Develop a robust monitoring and evaluation framework for MWHs, including regular inspections, feedback collection from pregnant women, and quality improvement initiatives.
– Implement the monitoring and evaluation framework in a selected number of MWHs in the district.
– Conduct regular inspections to assess the adherence to standards and identify any gaps or deficiencies.
– Collect feedback from pregnant women utilizing MWHs to assess their satisfaction and identify areas for improvement.
– Implement quality improvement initiatives based on the findings from inspections and feedback.
– Collect data on key indicators such as patient satisfaction, maternal and neonatal health outcomes, and adherence to standards.
– Compare the data from before and after the implementation of the monitoring and evaluation framework to measure the impact on improving access to maternal health.

By analyzing the data collected from these simulations, it will be possible to assess the impact of the recommendations on improving access to maternal health in Mulanje district, Malawi. The findings can inform future interventions and policies aimed at reducing maternal mortality rates in the region.

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