Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in rural Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

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Study Justification:
– The study aimed to assess the complementary feeding practices among children aged 6-23 months in rural Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia.
– This age group is crucial for children’s growth and development, and optimal complementary feeding is important during this period.
– Understanding the current practices and associated factors can help identify areas for improvement and inform interventions to promote optimal feeding practices.
Highlights:
– The study found that only 53.5% of mothers practiced optimal complementary feeding.
– Factors associated with optimal feeding practices included average monthly income, institutional delivery, postnatal care follow-up, awareness about infant and young child feeding (IYCF), proximity to health facilities, separate child’s feeding plate, and attendance of IYCF demonstrations.
– Lack of access to and underutilization of maternal and child healthcare services were identified as significant risk factors for suboptimal feeding practices.
Recommendations:
– Increase awareness and education about optimal complementary feeding practices among mothers and caregivers.
– Improve access to and utilization of maternal and child healthcare services, including institutional delivery and postnatal care follow-up.
– Strengthen the implementation of IYCF programs, including demonstrations and counseling sessions.
– Provide support and resources to families with lower income to ensure they can afford nutritious foods for their children.
– Enhance the availability of separate feeding plates for children to promote hygienic feeding practices.
Key Role Players:
– Ministry of Health: Responsible for policy development, coordination, and implementation of maternal and child health programs.
– Local Health Authorities: Involved in the delivery of healthcare services and implementation of interventions at the district level.
– Community Health Workers: Play a crucial role in educating and supporting mothers and caregivers in adopting optimal feeding practices.
– Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Provide support, resources, and expertise in implementing nutrition and health programs.
Cost Items for Planning Recommendations:
– Training and capacity building for healthcare providers and community health workers.
– Development and dissemination of educational materials on optimal complementary feeding.
– Organization of IYCF demonstrations and counseling sessions.
– Provision of separate feeding plates for children.
– Monitoring and evaluation of interventions.
– Advocacy and awareness campaigns.
– Research and data collection to inform evidence-based interventions.
Please note that the cost items provided are general categories and not actual cost estimates. The actual budget would depend on the specific context, resources available, and the scale of implementation.

Background: The age of children up to 59 months is a critical period for children’s growth and development and the age when optimal complementary feeding is crucial. Aim: To assess optimal complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in rural Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 was used for the analyses. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted at p-value < 0.05 and an Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: The percentage of mothers that practiced optimal complementary feeding practices was 53.5% (95% CI: 49.2%, 57.6%). Average monthly income of the family, $37.5 to $75 (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.98), institutional delivery (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.46), postnatal care follow-up (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.82), having an awareness about IYCF (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.85, 5.02), less than 30 min foot-walking to reach health facility (AOR = 2.61,95% CI: 1.65, 4.09), separate child's feeding plate (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.64), and attendance of Infant and Young Child Feeding demonstration (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.33, 3.07) were significantly associated with optimal complementary feeding practices. Conclusion: The magnitude of optimal complementary feeding practices was below the minimum recommended level for the growth and development of children in the study area. Lack of access to and underutilization of maternal and child healthcare services were significant risk factors for suboptimal complementary feeding practices. Maternal and child health services would be essential to mitigate suboptimal feeding practices for children aged 6–23 months.

Based on the provided description, here are some potential innovations that can be used to improve access to maternal health:

1. Mobile Health (mHealth) Applications: Develop and implement mobile applications that provide information and guidance on optimal complementary feeding practices. These apps can be easily accessed by mothers in rural areas, providing them with valuable knowledge and support.

2. Community Health Workers: Train and deploy community health workers who can visit households and provide education and counseling on optimal complementary feeding practices. These workers can also facilitate access to maternal and child healthcare services, ensuring that mothers receive the necessary support and resources.

3. Telemedicine: Establish telemedicine services that allow mothers in rural areas to consult with healthcare professionals remotely. This can help address the issue of limited access to healthcare facilities and provide mothers with guidance on optimal complementary feeding practices.

4. Maternal and Child Health Clinics: Increase the number and accessibility of maternal and child health clinics in rural areas. This can be achieved by establishing satellite clinics or mobile clinics that visit remote communities regularly. These clinics can provide comprehensive maternal and child healthcare services, including support for optimal complementary feeding practices.

5. Community-Based Support Groups: Create community-based support groups where mothers can come together to share experiences, knowledge, and resources related to optimal complementary feeding practices. These support groups can be facilitated by trained healthcare professionals or community leaders and can provide a supportive environment for mothers to learn and grow.

Remember, these are just potential recommendations based on the information provided. The actual implementation and effectiveness of these innovations would require further research and consideration of the local context.
AI Innovations Description
Based on the study titled “Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in rural Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study,” the following recommendation can be developed into an innovation to improve access to maternal health:

1. Strengthening Maternal and Child Healthcare Services: The study found that lack of access to and underutilization of maternal and child healthcare services were significant risk factors for suboptimal complementary feeding practices. Therefore, an innovation could focus on improving access to these services, such as by establishing mobile clinics or community health centers in rural areas. This would ensure that mothers and children have easy access to healthcare services, including prenatal care, postnatal care, and counseling on optimal complementary feeding practices.

2. Increasing Awareness about Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF): The study found that having awareness about IYCF was significantly associated with optimal complementary feeding practices. An innovation could involve developing educational programs and campaigns to raise awareness among mothers and caregivers about the importance of proper feeding practices for children aged 6-23 months. This could include providing information on the types of foods to introduce, appropriate feeding techniques, and the benefits of optimal complementary feeding.

3. Promoting Institutional Delivery and Postnatal Care Follow-up: The study found that institutional delivery and postnatal care follow-up were significantly associated with optimal complementary feeding practices. An innovation could focus on promoting institutional delivery by providing incentives or improving the quality of healthcare facilities. Additionally, efforts could be made to increase postnatal care follow-up rates by providing home visits or mobile clinics to ensure that mothers receive the necessary support and guidance on optimal feeding practices after childbirth.

4. Community-based Infant and Young Child Feeding Demonstrations: The study found that attendance of Infant and Young Child Feeding demonstrations was significantly associated with optimal complementary feeding practices. An innovation could involve organizing community-based demonstrations or workshops where mothers and caregivers can learn practical skills and techniques for preparing and feeding nutritious meals to their children. These demonstrations could be conducted by trained healthcare professionals or community health workers.

By implementing these recommendations as innovative interventions, it is expected that access to maternal health and optimal complementary feeding practices for children aged 6-23 months can be improved in rural areas, leading to better growth and development outcomes for children in the study area.
AI Innovations Methodology
Based on the provided information, here are some potential recommendations for improving access to maternal health:

1. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure: Investing in the development and improvement of healthcare facilities, particularly in rural areas, can enhance access to maternal health services. This includes establishing well-equipped clinics and hospitals, ensuring the availability of skilled healthcare professionals, and improving transportation systems for easier access to healthcare facilities.

2. Community-based interventions: Implementing community-based programs that focus on maternal health education and awareness can help improve access. These programs can involve training community health workers to provide essential maternal health services, conducting outreach programs to remote areas, and organizing community workshops to educate women and families about the importance of maternal health.

3. Telemedicine and mobile health (mHealth) solutions: Utilizing technology, such as telemedicine and mHealth applications, can bridge the gap in access to maternal health services. These platforms can provide remote consultations, health information, and reminders for prenatal and postnatal care, ensuring that women receive timely and appropriate care regardless of their location.

4. Financial support and health insurance: Providing financial support and health insurance coverage for maternal health services can significantly improve access. This can include subsidizing healthcare costs, implementing maternal health insurance schemes, and offering incentives for women to seek regular prenatal and postnatal care.

To simulate the impact of these recommendations on improving access to maternal health, a methodology could include the following steps:

1. Define the indicators: Identify specific indicators that measure access to maternal health, such as the percentage of women receiving prenatal care, the percentage of institutional deliveries, or the distance traveled to reach a healthcare facility.

2. Collect baseline data: Gather data on the current status of the selected indicators in the target population. This can be done through surveys, interviews, or existing data sources.

3. Introduce the recommendations: Simulate the implementation of the recommendations by adjusting the relevant variables in the collected data. For example, increase the number of healthcare facilities, train community health workers, or introduce telemedicine services.

4. Analyze the impact: Compare the baseline data with the simulated data to assess the impact of the recommendations. Calculate the changes in the selected indicators and determine if there is an improvement in access to maternal health services.

5. Evaluate the results: Interpret the findings and assess the effectiveness of the recommendations. Identify any limitations or challenges encountered during the simulation process.

6. Refine and iterate: Based on the evaluation, refine the recommendations and repeat the simulation process if necessary. Continuously monitor and evaluate the impact of the implemented interventions to ensure sustained improvement in access to maternal health.

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